Parasitoids of Subfamily Cheloninae from Egypt. A Taxonomic and Faunistic Study


Textbook, 2015

127 Pages


Excerpt


LIST OF CONTENTS

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

HISTORICAL REVIEW

MATERIAL AND METHODS

I. TAXONOMY
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS
Key to tribes and genera of the subfamily Cheloninae
Tribe Chelonini Förster, 1862
Genus Ascogaster Wesmael 1835
Key to species of the genus Ascogaster Wesmael
Ascogaster excisa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)
Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, 1835.
Genus Chelonus Panzer, 1806
Key to subgenera of Genus Chelonus Panzer
Subgenus Chelonus Panzer
Key to species of subgenus Chelonus Panzer in Egypt
Chelonus (Chelonus) inanitus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Chelonus (Chelonus) obscuratus Herrich-Schäffer, 1838
Chelonus (Chelonus) oculator (Fabricius, 1775)
Subgenus Microchelonus Szépligeti, 1908
Key to species of subgenus Microchelonus Szépligeti
Chelonus (Microchelonus) basalis Curtis, 1837
Chelonus (Microchelonus) blackburni Cameron, 1886
Chelonus (Microchelonus) curvimaculatus Cameron, 1906
Chelonus (Microchelonus) sulcatus Jurine, 1807
Tribe Phanerotomini Baker 1926
Genus Phanerotoma Wesmael, 1838
Key to subgenera of genus Phanerotoma Wesmael
Subgenus Bracotritoma Csiki 1909
Key to species of subgenus Bracotritoma Csiki
Phanerotoma (Bracotritoma) masiana Fahringer, 1934
Phanerotoma (Bracotritoma) ponti sp.n
Subgenus Phanerotoma Wesmael, 1838
Key to species of subgenus Phanerotoma Wesmael
Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) dentata (Panzer, 1805)
Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) elbaiensis sp.n
Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) hendecasisella Cameron, 1905
Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) leucobasis Kriechbaumer, 1894
Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) rufescens (Latreille, 1809)
PLATES

II. FAUNISTIC STUDY
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS
CONCLUSION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

The family Braconidae is one of the most species-rich families of insects. It is considered one of the largest families in the order Hymenoptera. By his great experience, van Achterberg (in Ghahari et al. 2006) agreed with a rough minimum estimate of 120,000 species world wide as an extrapolation from about 18,000 described species in over 1000 genera (Yu et al., 2005).

Braconids are cosmopolitan, diverse in all areas with no striking preference to a certain kind of habitat (Sharkey in Wahl & Sharkey, 1993). They have been of primary importance, used very successfully in the biological control of insect pests (Wharton, 1993). Their hosts are usually the holometabolous larvae, but also including some hemimetabolous insects (particularly some of the suborder Heteroptera) (Wahl & Sharkey, 1993; Ghahari et al. 2006).

The internal classification of the family Braconidae has been a subject of much dispute. Forty six subfamilies are currently recognized (Yu et al., 2005), of which many of them newly discovered within about the last 20 years (Mason, 1983; Quicke, 1987; Whitfield & Mason, 1994). In Egypt, this family is represented up till now by 15 subfamilies (Morsy, 1976; Papp, 2007a)

Cheloninae is a large cosmopolitan subfamily. They are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of the lepidopterous larvae (Gauld & Bolton, 1988). In Egypt, very little attention has been paid to the taxonomy of this group despite their potential importance as bio-control agents, a fact that encourages the present study.

HISTORICAL REVIEW

The subfamily Cheloninae was first recognized by Förster (1862). Earlier works considering this subfamily are those of Wesmael (1835), who described 13 new species belonging to this subfamily; Herrich-Schäffer (1838) who described 27 chelonines species; Thomson (1874) who described and keyed 6 genera and 67 species, of which 22 are new species, but many of these species are now synonymized under current defined species or moved to other subfamilies like Brachistinae. In 1908, Szépligeti first proposed and described Microchelonus (as a separate genus) and Chelonella, he also constructed keys for many species concerning these genera as well as to those of the genera Chelonus and Ascogaster. Fahringer (1943) described 18 new chelonines species.

Shenefelt (1973) catalogued the world species of the subfamily Cheloninae. In 1984, Huddleston revised the Palaearctic species of the genus Ascogaster, he keyed to 30 species of which 4 were described for the first time, 22 synonyms were newly established. Van Achterberg (1990) revised the western Palaearctic Phanerotomini, he keyed the tribes and genera of the subfamily Cheloninae as well as the species of the genera Phanerotomella and Phanerotoma, he also described 9 new species.

Many studies concerning this subfamily in different parts of the world like were done by Zettel (1987a,b; 1988a; 1989a,b,c,d; 1990a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h; 1991; 1992a,b,c,d; 2002) and Papp (1990; 1995; 1996; 1997a,b; 1999a,b; 2003a; 2004; 2010).

The Turkish Cheloninae was studied by a number of authors. Examples of those are: Beyarslan & Inanc (1992), Beyarslan (1995) and Lozan (2005). Twelve Chelonus species were recorded by Aydogdu & Beyarslan in 2002. Aydogdu & Beyarslan (2007) revised the genera Ascogaster and Chelonus. In 2008 Aydogdu added a new species of the genus Chelonus from western Anatolia. Aydogdu (2009) listed and illustrated the Turkish Phanerotomini.

Major studies concerning the Cheloninae of India are those by: Nerendran et al. (1992), Kurhade & Nekam (1993; 1994), Samiuddin et al. (2000a,b) and Yousuf & Ray (2009) on the genus Chelonus; Varshney & Shujauddin (1999), Zubair & Shujauddin (2004) and Sheeba & Narendran (2008) who keyed, described and illustrated many Phanerotoma species.

Ku et al. (1998) revised the Korean species of the genus Ascogaster.

In Europe, Moreno & Jiménez (1987; 1988; 1992) contributed the tribes Chelonini and Phanerotomini from Spain. The Iberian Phanerotomini was revised by Moreno et al. (1992; 1993).

In China, Tang & Marsh (1994) keyed and described species the genus Ascogaster from China. Many species of this genus were added as new to China by Chen et al. (1994; 1995). He et al. (1994) first established the genus Siniphanerotomella from China. In 2003, Chen & Ji monographed the subfamily Cheloninae from China with 162 species of 6 genera. Zhang et al. (2006; 2008) added some new species and records of the genus Chelonus to the Chinese fauna

In Pakistan Inayatullah & Naeem (2004) keyed the chelonine genera with new distributional records. The Chelonus species of Azerbaijan were revised by Abdinbekova (1971).

In the former USSR and its related countries, a large number of studies were done by Tobias related mainly to subgenus Microchelonus he treated it as a genus (1972; 1984; 1985; 1986a,b,c; 1988; 1989a,b; 1990a,b,c,d; 1991a,b; 1992; 1994a,b; 1995a,b,c; 1996a,b; 1997a,b; 2001a,b; 2002a,b,c; 2008) and Tobias & Lozan (2005; 2006).

Mc Comb (1968) revised the subgenus Microchelonus of the North American north of Mexico. In 1978, Sigwalt revised the genus Phanerotoma in the south east of Asia, he described some new species. The Nearctic Ascogaster species were studied by Shaw (1983), he first recognized the genus Leptodrepana.

In the Arabian region, a few separate investigations have been carried out on the subfamily Cheloninae. Examples are those by Fischer (1968) in Syria, Papp (1979) in Tunisia and Zettel (1988b) in Saudi Arabia.

In Egypt, very little attention has been paid to the taxonomy of this group despite of their potential importance as bio-control agents. The first work mentioning some chelonines from Egypt was that of Szépligeti (1908) who recorded two species (Ascogaster excise and Chelonus basalis). Five other species (Chelonus blackburni, C. sulcatus, Phanerotoma dentata, P. hendecasisella and P. leucobasis [as P. ocularis]) were listed for the Egyptian fauna by Shenefelt (1973). In 1976, Morsy recorded five species including those of Szépligeti and only Chelonus sulcatus and Phanerotoma dentata from Shenefelt’s catalogue, in addition to Chelonus inanitus. Finally, two chelonine species (Phanerotoma leucobasis and P. masiana) were listed by van Achterberg (1990) for Egypt, thus raising the total number to nine species.

Note: this subfamily authorized by Nees (1816) in some articles (e.g. Shenefelt, 1973; van Achterberg & Polaszek, 1996), but recently used as Förster, 1862 (e.g. Yu et al., 2005; Broad et al., 2011).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Regular surveys of chelonine wasps were undertaken from the beginning of 2008 to the end of 2010, covering various regions of Egypt. Sampling was done by means of net sweeping and light trapping. Collected specimens were pinned and provided with data of collection.

Morphological terms and wing venation terminologies are based on van Achterberg (1988, 1993) (see Pl. 1, Figs. 1-4); body sculpture terminology is based on Harris (1979). Drawings were made using a camera lucida attached to an Olympus stereo-microscope (SZX9). Measurements were made using an ocular micrometer.

Global distribution is based mainly on Shenefelt (1973), van Achterberg (1990, 2004) in addition to scattered data in Kugler (1966), Papp (1979, 2003b, 2007, 2009), Halperin (1986), van Achterberg & Polaszek (1996), Lozan & Tobias (2002) and Belokobylskij et al. (2003).

List of synonyms based on Shenefelt (1973), van Achterberg (1990) and Yu et al. (2005).

Characters of the tribes, the genera and the subgenera in the key are based on van Achterberg (1990).

Moreover, examination of specimens from the five Egyptian reference collections was also done. Those are: 1. Ain Shams University collection (ASC), 2. Alfieri collection (ALFC), 3. Cairo University collection (CUC), 4. Ministry of Agriculture collection (MAC) and 5. Entomological Society of Egypt collection (ESEC).

Local distribution mapping and faunistic study carried out by ArcView GIS Version 3.1.

Morphological abbreviations used are: CU: Cubitus vein, M: Media vein, OOL: Ocellocular line, POL: Posterior ocellar line, R: Radius vein, r: Transverse radial vein, SR: Sectio radii vein, T: Metasomal tergite.

A new record is marked with an asterisk.

I.TAXONOMY

INTRODUCTION

Cheloninae is a moderately large subfamily within the important parasitic Braconidae. It comprises more than 1300 described species worldwide (Yu et al., 2005). Members of this subfamily are present in all zoogeographical regions. Although of their worldwide distribution, only tribes Adeliini1, Chelonini and Phanerotomini are represented in the Palaearctic fauna (van Achterberg, 1990; Yu et al. 2005; Aydogdu, 2008).

Members of the subfamily Cheloninae are small to medium-sized wasps (usually 1.8 - 6 mm long), with a compact sculptured body. Body is generally black, yellow or orange in color. Easily recognized by their complete rigid unarticulated metasomal carapace (formed by the fusion of 1st three metasomal tergites); the presence of complete post-pectal carinae; fore wing with three submarginal cells, at which the first submarginal cell is fused with the first discal cell in the genus Chelonus Panzer; the female has short ovipositor that is concealed inside the carapace and is always very narrow at the tip to facilitate its insertion into the host egg; in some Ascogaster Wesmael species the ovipositor was found to be long and filamentous (Huddleston & Walker, 1994); antennae thickened in the middle with depression in the apical flagellomeres; male with thinner and somewhat testaceous and longer antenna than in female; eyes usually pubescent; occipital carina present.

Members of the subfamily Cheloninae are solitary, koinobiont and egg-larval endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera especially Tortricoidea and Pyraloidea (Milner, 1967; van Achterberg & Polaszek 1996; Aydogdu & Beyarslan, 2002; Aydogdu 2008). They lay their eggs into the egg of the host but their larval development is delayed until the host larva is mature (Vance, 1932; Inayatullah & Naeem, 2004). The final instar parasitoid larva emerges from the moribund host and consumes the remains of the host except for the skin and head capsule (Broodryk, 1969; Huddleston & Walker, 1994), therefore chelonines are considered of great value in the natural control of these pests.

In Egypt very little attention has been paid concerning the taxonomy of this group of parasitoids although of their great economic importance as biocontrol agents, and the great shortage concerning this group as well as many other parasitic Hymenoptera in our collections, this is beside many taxonomic problems concerning this subfamily, which encourages the present research.

RESULTS

In the present work, the subfamily Cheloninae is represented in Egypt by three genera Chelonus Panzer (7 species), Phanerotoma Wesmael (7 species) and Ascogaster Wesmael (2 species), in two tribes, of which five species are newly recorded from Egyptian fauna as well as two are new species.

Key to tribes and genera of the subfamily Cheloninae in Egypt

1. Metasoma without distinct transverse sutures (Pl. 1, Fig. 1); body usually dark brown or black (Tribe Chelonini Förster, 1862).….…..2

- Metasoma with two distinct sutures (Pl. 1, Fig. 2); body usually yellowish- brown (Tribe Phanerotomini Baker, 1926)…..Phanerotoma Wesmael, 1838

2. Vein 1-SR+M of fore wing present (Pl. 2, Fig. 7); male carapace without apical foramen; vein r of fore wing usually arises far distad of middle of pterostigma (Pl. 2, Fig. 7) ….…..Ascogaster Wesmael, 1835

- Vein 1-SR+M of fore wing absent (Pl. 1, Fig. 3); male carapace with or without apical foramen; vein r of fore wing arises near middle of pterostigma (Pl. 1, Fig. 3) …..… Chelonus Panzer, 1806

Tribe Chelonini Förster, 1862

Genus Ascogaster Wesmael 1835

Ascogaster Wesmael, 1835. - Nouv. Mém. Acad. Brux.9: 226. Type-species: Ascogaster instabilis Wesmael. Designated by Förster 1862.

Members of the genus Ascogaster Wesmael are characterized by the presence of vein 1-SR+M fore wing, thus first submarginal cell and first discal cell cells are separated; vein r of fore wing meets pterostigma away from its middle area; metasomal carapace strongly convex, without transverse sutures, thus carapace is formed of one piece; eyes glabrous, if setae present, then very minute and hardly seen without high magnification; male without opening at apex of metasoma.

Parasitoids of lepidopteran Tortricidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae, Lymantriidae, Oecophoridae, Gelechidae, Psychidae, Yponomeutidae, etc (Ribes, 2010)

In Egypt, the genus Ascogaster Wesmael is represented by 2 species Ascogaster excisa (Herrich-Schäffer) and Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael.

Key to species of the genus Ascogaster Wesmael

1. Propodeum with four sharp medium-sized teeth posteriorly (Pl. 2, Fig. 4); hind tibia entirely black except basally; carapace about 0.8 times length of head and mesosoma combined... A. quadridentata Wesmael, 1835

- Propodeum with two small teeth posteriorly (Pl. 2, Fig. 5); hind tibia entirely brown except apically; carapace as long as head and mesosoma combined .. A. excisa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)

Ascogaster excisa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)

Chelonus excisus Herrich-Schäffer, 1838. - Fauna Insect. German.: 153,♀. Ascogaster longiventris Tobias, 1964. - Trudy zool. Inst., Leningr.34: 148, ƃ.

Description (after Ribes, 2010)

Length of body: 4.5-6 mm.

Body black; legs reddish brown with hind femur black, coxae and tarsi black. Hind coxa smooth, with fine punctations. Propodeum with two small teeth posteriorly (Pl. 2, Fig. 5). Clypeus with apical margin with two teeth; head punctate, not rugose. Female antennae with 28-31 flagellomeres. Carapace of female with an apical prolongation, bifurcate, projected at apex. Ovipositor slender or thin and suddenly curved, hypopygium projected largely.

Global Distribution: Bulgaria, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, South Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, Egypt (without specific locality, Szépligeti 1908; Alexandria, Morsy, 1976).

Local Distribution: see Map 1

Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten

Map 1: Distribution of Ascogaster excisa (Herrich-Schäffer) in Egypt.

*Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, 1835

Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, 1835.- Nouv. Mém. Acad. Brux. 9: 237, ♀ƃ. Ascogaster pallidicornis Curtis, 1837.- Br. Ent. 3: 672.

Ascogaster impressus Herrich-Schäffer, 1838.- Faunae Insec. German.: 154. Ascogaster quadridens Herrich-Schäffer, 1838.- Faunae Insec. German.: 154. Ascogaster cynipum Thomson, 1891.- Opusc. Ent. 16: 1720, ƃ. Ascogaster nigricornis Thomson, 1891.- Opusc. Ent. 16: 1719, ♀ ƃ. Ascogaster egregia Kokujev, 1895.- Trudy russk. ent. Obshch. 29: 83, ƃ. Ascogaster nigrator Szépligeti, 1896.- Természetr. Füz. 19: 303, 373, ƃ. Ascogaster carpocapsae Viereck, 1909.- Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 11: 43. Ascogaster epinotae Watanabe, 1973.- J. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido (imp.) Univ. 42: 76, ♀.

Description

Length of body: 3.5 mm. Length of forewing: 2.8 mm.

Coloration generally black with reddish-brown metasoma especially basi- medially; scape and basal four flagellomeres ferruginous, becoming darker toward apex; palpi light brown; mandibles reddish; fore leg: yellowish, basal 2/3 of femur and telotarsus are brownish; mid leg: femur dark brown, middle of tibia, basi- and telotarsus are brownish; hind leg: femur, apical 0.6 of tibia, basi- and telotarsus are dark brown; pterostigma, parastigma and vein 1-R1 are dark brown, other veins brownish

Head (Pl. 2, Fig. 3) transverse in dorsal view, about 1.8 times as broad as long, head slightly dilated behind the eyes; face, clypeus and the scape (slightly) covered with dense whitish, short setae; eye slightly more than twice times temple; occiput slightly excavated; antenna about 1.8 times head and mesosoma combined, female with 30 flagellomeres; first flagellomere about 3.6 times as long as broad apically (Pl.2, Fig. 1), following flagellomeres gradually shortened, penultimate flagellomere 1.6 times as long as broad (Pl. 2, Fig. 2); OOL about 0.7 times POL; POL about 2.0 times diameter of posterior ocellus (Pl. 2, Fig. 3); eye in lateral view slightly more than 1.5 as high as wide; malar space about as long as basal width of mandible; generally with dense and moderate punctures; frons smooth; clypeus sculpturing could not be seen because of dense hairs, rounded apically, nearly straight basally, slightly wider than long.

Mesosoma less hairy than head, propodeum with relatively long hairs postero-laterally; in lateral view about 1.6 times as long as high; mesoscutum with dense longitudinal punctures (especially outside notauli); pre-scutellar depression with coarse longitudinal striae; scutellum and propodeum densely punctured; metanotum shiny; propodeum quadri-denticulate postero-laterally

(Pl. 2, Fig. 4); hind femur about 4.0 times as long as broad medially; hind basitarsus slightly less than 0.8 times of other tarsomeres combined (Pl. 2, Fig.

6); pterostigma about 2.2 as long as wide; vein 3-SR 2.5 times vein r; 1-R1 about as long as pterostigma; vein 1-SR nearly straight; vein r distinctly angular with vein 3-SR (Pl. 2, Fig. 7).

Metasoma (Pl. 2, Fig. 8, 9) ovoid; covered with erect setae along its sides; in dorsal view 1.7 times as long as broad, apically more or less rounded; in lateral view about 2.1 times as long as high; with very coarse longitudinal rugosity (especially medio-basally), becoming much finer posteriorly; ovipositor short, not protruding beyond apex of metasoma.

Material: 1 ♀, Arish (31° 8' 11.148" N; 33° 49' 57.5754" E), 14.III.2009 [CUC].

Local Distribution: new to Egypt; very rare species, confined to northern part of Sinai Peninsula only (see Map 2).

Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten

Map 2: Distribution of Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael in Egypt.

Global distribution: Austria, Belgium, Crete, Crimea, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Madeira, Mongolia, Netherland, New Zealand (Introduced, Walker & Huddleston, 1987), Poland, Romania, Russia( Central, Northwest and South), Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and Yugoslavia; new to Egypt.

Genus Chelonus Panzer, 1806

Chelonus Jurine, 1801 in Panzer: Intelligentzbl. Lit.-Ztg. 1: 164. Type-speices: Ichneumon oculator Fabricius. (Monobasic).

Chelonus is a large cosmopolitan genus, with about 850 known species (Yu et al. 2005). It was first described by Panzer (1806) based on Ichneumon oculator Fabricius as its type. It is divided into 10 subgenera namely Areselonus Braet; Baculonus Braet & van Achterberg; Carinichelonus Tobias; Chelonus Panzer; Cubochelonus Baker; Megachelonus Baker; Microchelonus Szépligeti; Parachelonus Tobias; Scabrichelonus He, Chen & van Achterberg and Stylochelonus Hellen.

Members of genus Chelonus are characterized by number of antennal segments (in both sexes) 17-44, but in females of the subgenus Microchelonus frequently fixed to 16; eyes setose; occipital carina complete medio-dorsally, separated from hypostomal carina; clypeus without medio-ventral teeth; propodeum with protruding carinae postero-laterally and more or less rugose; vein 1-SR+M of fore wing absent leading to the merging of first submarginal and first discal cells; fore wing with vein r usually rising near middle of pterostigma or somewhat behind middle; vein 2-R1 of fore wing absent, or seen as a short stub; vein CU1b present, resulting in a closed first subdiscal cell apico-posteriorly; hind wing with vein r absent; vein M+CU about equal to vein 1-M or longer; metasomal carapace of male may have an apical foramen

(depending on the subgenus); third metasomal tergite obtuse or elongated; fourth and following metasomal tergites largely retracted (van Achterberg & Polaszek, 1996).

The genus Chelonus Panzer includes a lot of natural enemies of Lepidoptera that are serious pests of several crops (Aydogdu, 2008), hosts do not survive and thus they have an important role in regulating the population of their hosts (Shaw & Huddleston 1991; Kaeslin et al., 2005; Aydogdu, 2008).

In Egypt, the genus Chelonus Panzer is represented by 7 species in 2 subgenera: subgenus Chelonus Panzer (inanitus Linnaeus, obscuratus Herrich- Schäffer and oculator (Fabricius)) and subgenus Microchelonus Szépligeti (basalis Curtis, blackburni Cameron, curvimaculatus Cameron and sulcatus Jurine).

Note: some authors define this genus as Chelonus Jurine (e.g. Shenefelt, 1973; Papp, 2003b; 2009). But this is an unavailable name by suppression of the so- called “Erlangen-List” in Opinion 135 (1939) (van Achterberg & Polaszek, 1996).

Key to subgenera of genus Chelonus Panzer

1. Female antenna always with 16 flagellomeres, male with more than 16 flagellomeres; male carapace with apical foramen (Pl. 8, Fig. 8; Pl. 9, Fig. 8); length of body not exceeding 3.6 mm …. Subgenus Microchelonus Szépligeti, 1908 - Antenna of both sexes with more than 16 flagellomeres; male carapace without apical foramen; carapace usually with two subbasal yellowish spots; length of body exceeding 4.4 mm .…..…. Subgenus Chelonus Panzer, 1806

Note: The distinctness of Microchelonus Szépligeti and Chelonus Panzer is not evident. Some authors (e.g. Belokobylskij et al., 2003) treated it as a valid genus, treated as a straight synonym (e.g. van Achterberg & Polaszek, 1996) or treated as a subgenus of Chelonus (e.g. Yu et al., 2005).

Subgenus Chelonus Panzer
Key to species of subgenus Chelonus Panzer in Egypt

1. Vertex with weak transverse striae behind ocelli; maximum length of female carapace about 2.3 times its maximum height (Pl. 4, Fig. 6); POL 1.5-1.6 times as long as OOL (Pl. 4, Fig. 3)… C. obscuratus Herrich-Schäffer, 1838 - Vertex with coarse transverse striae behind ocelli (Pl. 3, Fig. 3); maximum length of female carapace 2.6-2.9 its maximum height (Pl. 3, Fig. 7); POL

1.1-1.2 times as long as OOL (Pl. 3, Fig. 3) .. 2

2. Ovipositor thick (Pl. 3, Fig. 7); vein r of fore wing distinctly angled with vein 3-SR (Pl. 3, Fig. 6); vein 1-M of fore wing yellowish; yellowish spots of carapace usually more or less rounded and may be absent; body length 5.2-6 mm … …. C. inanitus (Linnaeus, 1767)

- Ovipositor thinner (Pl. 5, Fig. 7); vein r of fore wing nearly linear with 3-SR (Pl. 5, Fig. 6); vein 1-M of fore wing dark brown; yellowish spots of carapace usually more or less quadrate; body length 4.5-5.1 mm … .C. oculator (Fabricius, 1775)

Chelonus (Chelonus) inanitus (Linnaeus, 1767)

Cynips inanita Linnaeus, 1767. - Syst. nat. Ed.12, 2:919. Ichneumon binaries Fourcroy, 1785. - Ent. Paris 2:204. Ichneumon atomos Rossi, 1790. - Fauna Etrusca 2:54, ♀ƃ. 16

Description

Length of body: 5.2 - 6 mm. Length of forewing: 3.9 - 4.1 mm.

Coloration generally black; palpi yellowish; tip as well as basal half of mandibles (with orange in the middle), coxae, trochanters and trochantelli are black; legs reddish brown; scape beneath, first flagellomere (except distally darker), fore leg: apical third of femur, all tibia and tarsus (except telotarsus), mid leg: apical end of femur (except black spot apically), all tarsus (except telotarsus), hind leg (slightly darker): basal and apical ends of tibia (except in the middle which is ivory like that of metasoma) and tarsus (except most of metatarsus) are all light brown to orange; almost all wing veins are pale brown; pterostigma orange or blackish with black marginal area; carapace with no, one or a pair of subbasal yellowish or orange more or less quadrate spots.

Head (Pl. 3, Fig. 3) transverse in dorsal view, slightly more than 2.7 times as broad as long, temple rounded and slightly narrowed posteriorly behind eye; eye slightly longer than temple; occiput excavated; antenna about as long as head and mesosoma combined, with 26-27 (♀) or 28 -29 (ƃ) flagellomeres; first flagellomere 2.5 or 2.6 times as long as broad apically (Pl. 3, Fig. 1), following flagellomeres gradually shortened and, penultimate flagellomere about 2.2 times as long as broad (Pl. 3, Fig. 2); POL about as long as OOL; POL 2.8 - 3.0 times diameter of posterior ocellus (Pl. 3, Fig. 3); eye in lateral view about 1.6 as high as wide; malar space about 1.2 times basal width of mandible; face flat, twice as wide as high; hind two ocelli elevated separately; clypeus trapezoidal, shiny, finely punctured, slightly more than 2 times wider than high; frons and vertex rather flat; very weak longitudinal carina could be seen in the middle just beneath inter-antennal distance and extended to the base clypeus; vertex coarsely punctured, with 3-5 transverse striae behind ocelli; occiput coarsely transversely striato-rugose; face coarsely transversely rugose (finer than frons); frons with concentric costulae; gena coarsely striated along the longitudinal axis of eye.

Mesosoma in lateral view about 1.4 times as long as high; generally coarsely punctured more than head, covered with fine whitish hairs like those of head (but not erect) becoming much denser postero-laterally; mesoscutum and propodeum coarsely rugose, sides of scutum and metanotum coarsely longitudinally striated, mesoscutum postero-laterally projected covering base of tegula, sides of mesoscutum projected covering base of hind wing; propodeum swells medio-laterally, with sharply projected tubercles postero-laterally and with small lobe postero-medially (Pl. 3, Fig. 4); hind femur 2.9 times as long as broad medially; inner spur of hind tibia about 0.9 times as long as outer one and

0.5 as long as basitarsus; hind basitarsus slightly more than 0.6 as long as other tarsomeres combined (Pl. 3, Fig. 5); pterostigma about 2.8 as long as wide; vein 3-SR slightly shorter than vein r; 1-R1 slightly longer than pterostigma; vein 1- SR irregular or curved; vein r angular with vein 3-SR (Pl. 3, Fig. 6).

Metasoma (Pl. 3, Fig. 7) ovoid; apex on lower side with deep and wide groove; in dorsal view 1.6 times as long as broad, somewhat rounded apically; in lateral view about 2.6 times as long as high; covered with short fine whitish hairs much denser along the sides; coarsely longitudinally rugose, much finer postero-laterally; ovipositor relatively thick, curved and protruding beyond apex of metasoma.

Material: 1♀, Alexandria (31° 12' 58.248" N; 29° 45' 58.248" E), VI.1965 [ESEC]; 1♀, 2 ƃƃ, Assuit (27° 16' 3.756" N; 31° 9' 6.9834" E - 27° 23'

29.1834" N; 31° 32' 26.484" E), IX.1972 [ASC]; 1♀, Beni-Suef (29° 13'

59.9874" N; 31° 1' 0.012" E), IX.1972 [ASC]; 2 ♀♀, Kerdasa (30° 1' 56.136" N; 31° 6' 32.6874" E), 29.X.2008 [CUC]; 2 ♀♀, 1 ƃ, Nahia (30° 1' 55.2354" N; 31° 6' 39.4194" E), 28.X.2008 [CUC]; 1♀, 2 ƃƃ, Ismailia (30° 32' 54.168" N; 31° 47' 0.2754" E - 30° 38' 20.7954" N; 32° 16' 7.572" E), 25.XI.2009 [CUC]; 1♀, 1ƃ, Fayoum [Karanis] (29° 21' N; 30° 40' 59.988" E), 23.VIII.2010 [CUC].

Local Distribution: This species is recorded from four Egyptian zones: Northern Coast, Lower Nile Delta, Upper Nile Valley and southern part of Western Desert (see Map 3).

Global distribution: Albania, Algeria, Belgium, California (introduced, Shenefelt, 1937), Canary Islands, Cephalonia, Crete, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Egypt [El-Menia, El-Sharqia (El-Zagazig and Menia El Qamh), Gharbia, Sheiben El Kom and Qena, Morsy (1976)], England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Mongolia, Netherland, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central, East, Northwest and South), Sakhalin, Siberia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and Yugoslavia.

Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten

Map 3: Distribution of Chelonus inanitus (Linnaeus) in Egypt

*Chelonus (Chelonus) obscuratus Herrich-Schäffer, 1838

Chelonus obscuratus Herrich-Schäffer, 1838. - Faunae Insect. German. 154,ƃ♀. Chelonus intermedius Thomson, 1874. - Opusc. ent. 6:566, ♀ƃ. Chelonus obscuratus var. negrifemur Papp, 1971. - Acta zool. hung.17:71, ƃ.

Description

Length of body: 4.4 - 4.5 mm. Length of forewing: 1.9 - 2.0 mm.

Coloration generally black; palpi brownish; coxae, trochanters and trochantelli black; first flagellomere (except distally darker), pterostigma, parastigma, fore leg: femur (except extreme apex), tarsomeres, mid leg: femur, apical half of tibia, tarsomeres, hind leg: femur (slightly darker), apical half of tibia, tarsomeres (except basal 0.8 of basitarsus) are all dark brown; almost all wing veins are pale brown but vein 1-M pale yellow; carapace with or without a pair of subbasal whitish- red small spots.

Head (Pl. 4, Fig. 3) transverse in dorsal view, about 2.5 times as broad as long, temple rounded, not narrowed posteriorly behind eye; eye about as long as temple; occiput slightly excavated; antenna about as long as head and mesosoma combined, with 26 (♀) or 28 (ƃ) flagellomeres; first flagellomere about 3.0 times as long as broad apically (Pl. 4, Fig. 1), following flagellomeres gradually shortened, penultimate flagellomere 1.6 times as long as broad (Pl. 4, Fig. 2); POL 1.5 - 1.6 times OOL; POL about 3.5 times diameter of posterior ocellus (Pl. 3, Fig. 3); eye in lateral view about 1.9 as high as wide; malar space about as long as basal width of mandible; face flat, slightly less than 2 times as wide as high; clypeus trapezoidal, with sparse hairs, smooth and slightly more than twice wider than high; frons and vertex rather flat; very weak longitudinal carina could be seen in the middle just beneath inter-antennal distance, extended to the base clypeus; vertex with fine and dense transverse striae, especially behind ocelli; face slightly coarsely transversely rugose; frons with concentric costulae (finer than that of inanitus); gena finely striated along the longitudinal axis of eye.

Mesosoma in lateral view about 1.6 times as long as high; generally more coarsely punctured than head, nearly bare; mesoscutum and propodeum coarsely punctured; metanotum shiny, with longitudinal coarse striae, propodeum with sharply projected tubercles postero-laterally; hind femur 3.1 times as long as broad medially; inner spur of hind tibia 0.6 as long as outer one and 0.4 as long as basitarsus; hind basitarsus slightly less than 0.9 as long as others tarsomeres combined (Pl. 4, Fig. 4); pterostigma about 4.0 times as long as wide; vein 3-SR about as long as vein r; 1-R1 slightly shorter than pterostigma; vein 1-SR nearly straight; vein r nearly linear with vein 3-SR (Pl. 4, Fig. 5).

Metasoma (Pl. 4, Fig. 6) ovoid; apex on lower side with or without a narrow groove; in dorsal view 1.7 times as long as broad, rounded apically; in lateral view 2.3 times as long as high; covered with sparse hairs; coarsely longitudinally rugose, becoming much finer postero-laterally; ovipositor thin, normally not protruding beyond apex of metasoma.

Material: 1♀, 1ƃ, El-Menia (28° 29' 18.96" N; 30° 50' 55.8954" E),

19.VII.1974 [ASC]; 2♀♀, Borg el Arab (30° 52' 9.4434" N; 29° 24' 44.8194"

E), 13.IV.2009 [CUC]; 1♀, Matruh (31° 36' 54.3234" N; 25° 55' 35.2554" E),

30.IX.2009 [CUC].

Local distribution: new to Egypt; a relatively rare species; recorded from Northern Coast and Lower Nile Valley (see Map 4).

Global distribution: Bulgaria, Crete, Czech, England, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central, East and South), Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Tunisia and Turkey; new to Egypt.

Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten

Map 4: Distribution of Chelonus obscuratus Herrich-Schäffer in Egypt.

*Chelonus (Chelonus) oculator (Fabricius, 1775)

Ichneumon oculator Fabricius, 1775. - Syst. ent. : 338 (not Panzer).

Sigalphus mutabilis Nees von Esenbeck, (1813) 1816. - Mag. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 7: 266, ♀ ƃ.

Sigalphus oculatus Nees von Esenbeck, 1816.- Mag. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 7: 243- 277.

Chelonus speculator2 Marshall, 1885.- Trans. R. ent. Soc. London 1885: 126, ♀.

Description

Length of body: 4.5 - 5.1 mm. Length of forewing: 4- 4.3 mm.

Coloration generally black to blackish brown (especially metasoma); apical
0.3 of antenna slight paler; palpi brown; legs reddish brown, with coxae, trochanters and trochantelli black; mandible, extreme apex of hind femur, about apical 0.2 of hind tibia, hind basitarsus apically, and other tarsomeres, parastigma and pterostigma are all dark brown; almost all wing veins pale brown; carapace usually with a pair of subbasal yellowish or ivory rounded spots laterally.

Head (Pl. 5, Fig. 3) transverse in dorsal view, 3.1 times as broad as long, temple rounded and slightly narrowed posteriorly behind eye; eye about as long as temple; occiput excavated; antenna about 0.9 as long as head and mesosoma combined, with 24- 25 (♀) or 27 (ƃ) flagellomeres; first flagellomere about 2.8 times as long as broad apically (Pl. 5, Fig. 1), following flagellomeres gradually shortened and, penultimate flagellomere 1.7 times as long as broad (Pl. 5, Fig. 2); OOL about as long as POL; POL about 1.6 times diameter posterior ocellus (Pl. 5, Fig. 3); eye in lateral view about 1.8 as high as wide; malar space about 1.3 times basal width of mandible; face flat, twice as wide as high; clypeus 2 times wider than high; frons and vertex rather flat; temple and vertex with 3-4 coarse transverse striae, especially behind ocelli; face very coarsely punctate; frons with concentric costulae similar to that of vertex but slightly smoother; clypeus finely punctate.

Mesosoma in lateral view slightly more than 1.2 times as long as high; pronotum coarsely reticulate, mesoscutum coarsely reticulate between notauli; scutellar sulcus deep, scutellum smooth and shiny except for the crenulate margin, narrowly rugulose medio-posteriorly. Propodeum coarsely reticulate and punctate ventrally, smooth antero-ventrally, transverse carina indistinct and ending laterally in a rather large rounded tubercule (Pl. 5, Fig. 4); hind femur 3.2 times as long as broad medially; inner spur of hind tibia 0.7 as long as outer one and 0.4 as long as basitarsus; hind basitarsus 0.9 as long as other tarsomeres combined (Pl. 5, Fig. 5); pterostigma slightly less that 3 times as long as wide; vein 3-SR so slightly longer than vein r; 1-R1 about as long as pterostigma; vein 1-SR irregular; vein r nearly linear with vein 3-SR (Pl. 5, Fig. 6).

Metasoma (Pl. 5, Fig. 7) ovoid, more or less parallel side; apex on lower side without or with narrow groove; in dorsal view 1.6 times as long as broad, rounded apically; in lateral view 2.5 - 2.9 times as long as high; basal half coarsely longitudinally rugose, becoming much smoother apically (especially laterally); ovipositor short, nearly straight and moderately protruding beyond apex of metasoma.

Material: 1ƃ, 1♀ Damanhour (31° 1' 59.9874" N; 30° 28' 0.012" E) 4.XI.2008 [CUC]; 1♀ Banha (30° 27' 27.4314" N; 31° 10' 12.42" E) 15.X.2009 [CUC]; 1♀ Desouq (31° 7' 47.1" N; 30° 38' 45.3834" E) 29.XII.2009 [CUC].

Local Distribution: new to Egypt; collected only from Nile Delta. (see Map 5).

Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten

Map 5: Distribution of Chelonus oculator (Fabricius) in Egypt. 24

Global distribution: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Island, Caucasia, Crete, Czech, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central, East and Northwest), Sardinia, Scotland, Siberia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and Yugoslavia; new to Egypt.

Note: according to Belokobylskij et al., 2003 stated that “Chelonus oculator Panzer according to (Shenefelt, 1973); Chelonus oculator (Fabricius) (=integer von Block; mutabilis Nees; oculator sensu Panzer?) Remark; it is not certain, if oculator sensu Panzer is the same as oculator (Fabricius). In the base of much material it seems that oculator is a rather variable and very common species. Perhaps Chelonus cylindrus belongs to oculator, too (CvA)”.

Subgenus Microchelonus Szépligeti, 1908
Key to species of subgenus Microchelonus Szépligeti in Egypt

1. Female carapace with yellowish basal band extending to half its length (Pl. 6, Fig. 6), entirely black in male; male apical foramen small and rounded, not exceeding half width of carapace (Pl. 6, Fig. 8); body length 1.8 or 1.9 mm …...…... C. basalis Curtis, 1837
- Carapace of both sexes entirely black or with yellowish, whitish or ivory subbasal band usually extended to about half ( may be slightly longer or shorter) of its length; male apical foramen slit-like, transversely elongated, significantly exceeding half width of carapace (except for C. blackburni) (Pl. 8, Fig. 8); body length 2.8-3.6 mm … … 2
2. Carapace entirely black, coarsely longitudinally rugose; male antenna with 23 flagellomeres ….. C. sulcatus Jurine, 1807
- Carapace with variable length of whitish (or ivory) subbasal band, densely reticulate; male antenna with 25-26 flagellomeres (only for C. curvimaculatus) 3
3. Maximum length of female carapace about 2.1 times its maximum height; POL about as long as (or very slightly longer than) OOL (Pl. 7, Fig. 3); colored band of carapace mostly extended to about 0.4 of its length (Pl. 7, Fig. 7) ...…. C. blackburni Cameron, 1886
- Maximum length of female carapace 2.4-2.7 times its maximum height; POL 0.6-0.7 times OOL (Pl. 8, Fig. 3); colored band of carapace usually extended to half (or slightly more) of its length (Pl. 8, Fig. 7) C. curvimaculatus Cameron, 1906

Chelonus (Microchelonus) basalis Curtis, 1837

Chelonus (Microchelonus) basalis Curtis, 1837. - Br. Ent. 14: 672, ♀.

Description

The following description is modified from Lozan & Tobias (2002).

Length of body 1.8 - 1.9 mm.

Coloration generally black (carapace of female with yellow belt covering almost 1/2 of its length, laterally reaching almost to 2/3 of its length); palps brown; fore leg: femur black with brown apex; tibia brown with brownyellowish basal part; tarsi brownish; hind leg: femur black; tibia brown with yellowish-brown basal part; tarsi brown; wings almost non-infuscated in female or infuscated in male; pterostigma and veins brown-yellowish.

Head (Pl. 6, Fig. 3) transverse in dorsal view, about 1.6 times as broad as long; eye about 0.7 times as long as temple; occiput excavated; antenna shorter than body, with 16 (♀) or 19 (ƃ) flagellomeres; first flagellomere about 3 times

[...]


1 The genus Adelius and related extralimited genera have usually been treated as comprising a separate subfamily, Adeliinae. Recent phylogenetic studies (Belshaw & Quicke, 2002) have firmly placed the adeliines within the Cheloninae, as sister taxon to Phanerotoma (Broad et al. 2011)

2 Listed as synonym by Fitton et al., 1978; however some authors considered it a synonym of Chelonus cylindrus (Klug) (e.g. Broad et al., 2011).

Excerpt out of 127 pages

Details

Title
Parasitoids of Subfamily Cheloninae from Egypt. A Taxonomic and Faunistic Study
Authors
Year
2015
Pages
127
Catalog Number
V309221
ISBN (eBook)
9783668076723
ISBN (Book)
9783668076730
File size
4604 KB
Language
English
Keywords
Cheloninae, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Egypt, taxonomy, zoogeographical characterization
Quote paper
Yusuf Edmardash (Author)Neveen Gadallah (Author)Mahmoud Dayem (Author), 2015, Parasitoids of Subfamily Cheloninae from Egypt. A Taxonomic and Faunistic Study, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/309221

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Title: Parasitoids of Subfamily Cheloninae from Egypt. A Taxonomic and Faunistic Study



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