The Revocation of registered Trade Marks in terms of Non-Use

Contents

Abstract

Chapter 1 Introduction to the system of trademarks
A. Functions of trade marks
B. Mechanisms of the Trade Marks Register

Chapter 2 Removal from the trade mark register
A. Grounds for removal from the register
I. Cancellation
II. Revocation
1. Non-Use, s 66 (1) (a), (b) TMA
2. Genericism,s 66 (1) (c) TMA
3. Deception,s 66 (1) (d) TMA
4. Confusion, s 66 (1) (e) TMA
B. Reasons for removal
C. Formal procedure
I. Standing
II. Forum
III. Application of revocation in terms of non-use
IV. Burden of proof on grounds of non-use
V. Extent and consequences of revocation
VI. Re-application

Chapter 3 Non-Use
A. Legal term non-use
B. Key considerations on genuine use
I. Case examples of sufficient use
1. Minimum-level and end-user sales
2. Promotional materials and price lists
3. Test-marketing
4. Internet sales
5. Licensing
II. Cases of insufficient use
C. “Special circumstances”

Chapter 4 Conclusion

Appendix 1 Legislation New Zealand
A. Trade Marks Act 2002, Excerpt
B. Trade Marks Regulations 2003, Excerpt

Appendix 2 Legislation United Kingdom
Trade Marks Act 1994, Excerpt

Appendix 3 Legislation Australia
Trade Marks Act 1995, Excerpt

Appendix 4 International
TRIPS, Excerpt

Bibliography